Characteristics
Unlike the more common epithelioid type, biphasic mesothelioma cells lack a specific structure. This type of mesothelioma is a mix of epithelioid and sarcomatoid cells. Whereas the former has a clearly visible nucleus and is found in uniform, organized arrangements and tend to be of a single shape, sarcomatoid cells are more oval or oblong shaped and have no easily identifiable nucleus. Although both types are present in a biphasic tumor, they have a tendency to form in differentiated groups; they are not usually found in the same area of the tumor.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Mesothelioma is exceptionally difficult to diagnose, which is why it is usually not discovered until it has reached an advanced stage. It is important to confirm a history of asbestos exposure, as mesothelioma symptoms are similar to a wide range of respiratory illnesses.
The primary physician usually takes an x-ray; if there is cause for concern, the patient is referred to a radiology lab, where more advanced images are taken. If abnormal areas are discovered, a tissue sample, or biopsy is taken to confirm the diagnosis.
A recent test developed by a Japanese biotech company, called MESOMARK, may help pathologists in diagnosing mesothelioma at an earlier stage, when it is most treatable.
Treatment in most cases is limited to palliative ones, since the disease is usually diagnosed too late for surgery. Mesothelioma is usually treated with some combination of radiation and chemotherapy; surgical techniques may be used to relieve the symptoms, but in the later stages are usually not effective in treating the disease.
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