Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type of mesothelioma, a rare cancer that develops in the mesothelial cells that make up the mesothelium, a membrane that lines many of the body’s organs and cavities. In the case of pleural mesothelioma, the cancer develops in the lining of the lungs, called the pleura or pleural membrane.

The pleura is comprised of two layers which provide support and protection for the lungs and chest cavity. The outer layer, or the parietal layer, lines the entire chest cavity and the diaphragm. The inner layer, or visceral layer, covers the lungs. Pleural mesothelioma typically develops in one layer, but can metastasize, or spread, to the other layer.

Like all mesothelioma cancers, pleural mesothelioma is caused by asbestos exposure and develops when the toxic asbestos fibers become trapped in the spaces between the mesothelial cells.

Asbestos.com offers pleural mesothelioma patients and their loved ones a comprehensive packet including information about various treatment options and top doctors to help those diagnosed understand their condition and applicable treatment options available.


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Pleural Mesothelioma Treatments

The on-going development of new drugs and detection techniques is improving the outlook for patients with pleural mesothelioma. Since pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of the cancer, more research and knowledge about this type of mesothelioma is present to utilize when detailing a treatment plan.

In general, pleural mesothelioma patients have three options: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Typically, patients will receive a combination of two or more of these types of treatment.



Understanding available treatment options is often very important to patients and their loved ones. We offer a complimentary informational packet detailing treatment options for pleural mesothelioma patients.

Early detection of pleural mesothelioma can improve a patient's mesothelioma prognosis considerably, and these patients have more extensive treatment options. If the disease is diagnosed early enough, surgery to remove localized tumors, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells can be an effective treatment. Curative surgery candidates must be in a good general state of health, and their cancer must not have spread beyond localized sections of the lungs.

When mesothelioma is diagnosed before the cancer has greatly progressed, a patient is typically in the first stages of mesothelioma. Doctors typically address the seriousness of cancer in terms of stages ranging from one to four, with the level of the cancer’s progression increasing with each stage. Patients diagnosed with pleural mesothelioma in stage one or two generally have greater treatment options and a better prognosis.

According to some current studies, approximately 10 percent of all pleural mesothelioma patients will survive for three to five years following diagnosis, and about 5 percent will survive five years or more.

Pleural mesothelioma patients who are not diagnosed early enough for curative treatment have fewer treatment options, mostly limited to palliative treatments, designed to relieve pain and discomfort to improve a patient's quality of life, rather than their prognosis. Palliative treatments include removal of built-up fluid from the pleural spaces, and surgical removal of tumors to relieve pressure on the lungs.

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Pleural Mesothelioma Diagnosis

As with other types of mesothelioma, pleural mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose since symptoms do not typically arise for some time after initial asbestos exposure occurs. Additionally, since the symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are typical of many illnesses, in the early stages of the cancer the symptoms are often mistaken for less threatening diseases such as influenza and pneumonia.

A pleural mesothelioma diagnosis is made partly on the basis of symptoms but additional diagnostic tests are needed to confirm the presence of cancer. Following a medical history review and physical examination, patients must typically undergo imaging tests, such as x-rays or CT scans, to confirm the location of cancer. A patient must also usually endure fluid and tissue tests, also known as biopsies, to confirm the type of cancer involved.


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First Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a problem that affects many people today and it definitely is a top killer when it comes to cancers today. While many people actually don't experience symptoms at first, there are some first symptoms of lung cancer to watch out for, even though they often do not appear until in the late stages of lung cancer. So, if you happen to see any of the symptoms that could be linked to cancer of the lungs, you need to see your doctor as soon as possible. So, here are some of the first symptoms of lung cancer that you may experience.

Chest Pain that is ConstantOne of the first symptoms of lung cancer that you may notice is chest pain that is constant. While some chest pain may be associated with other problems, usually it is not a constant problem. When you start having pain that is always there in your chest, it is definitely time that you get things checked out.

Weight LossWeight loss that is unexplained, especially when combined with other symptoms. Many times people who are dealing with this type of cancer end up having no appetite at all, which leads to weight loss. While weight loss may not always be a sign that you are dealing with lung cancer, it is definitely a sign that you should be checked out by your doctor.

Chronic CoughingChronic coughing is another of the first symptoms of lung cancer. Coughing can be a sign of pneumonia, bronchitis, and other problems, but if you have a cough that is hanging on and that is constantly getting worse, you may be dealing with lung cancer, so you owe it to yourself to get it checked out as soon as possible.

Feeling Short of BreathShortness of breath is yet another of the symptoms of lung cancer that you may end up experiencing. While shortness of breath can be linked to a variety of other problems today, when it is combined with some of the other symptoms, it can definitely be an indicator that you are dealing with lung cancer.

Constant FatigueAlong with all these other symptoms, one of the first symptoms of lung cancer can be constant fatigue. If you're feeling tired all the time along with losing weight, coughing all the time, dealing with chest pain, and you are feeling short of breath, make sure you see your doctor and let him know about the symptoms that you are dealing with.

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Having Surgery For Lung Cancer

For some lung cancers in the early stages, an option that offers the best opening for an absolute recovery is surgery. Medical literature has shown this to be veritable when a serene is diagnosed with non-small cabal pest and the detection is made in the early stages and the swelling is small and no support represent that it has broadened to any other organ systems, if surgery is worn to eradicate the lump, the patient has up to an 80% opening of quick the five year survival celebrate.

Surgery is recommended for some but not others why? Surgical conduct is normally recommended for non-small group cancers, especially in the early stages. Surgery MAY be recommended for small cabal IF it's diagnosed in the initial stages. The argue for this is because most small chamber is seldom diagnosed before it's already begun to multiply to other parts of the body.

On the other hand, non-small booth does not division as express or as virulently. Non-small cell tends to identify into one blackhead, hence, there is a superior ability that surgery can delete all the scourge in one surgery.

Depending on where the growth is located is how the verdict is bent as to about whether surgery is appropriate. If it is located too close to the feeling, the windpipe, major blood vessels or other major organs, the risks and dangers are much better if surgery is attempted. In these luggage your physician may mention radiation or chemotherapy to telescope and murder the cancerous cells.

The different kinds of surgery for behavior. Depending on the scene and bulk of the cancer found, there are three main types of surgery that are worn.

If it has been found in it's early stage and is confined to a very small portion of the lung, an oncologist may make a 'lung resection' or a 'segmentectomy'. During each of those surgeries the surgeon removes a small partition of one lung, the part where the cancerous cells have been detected. If it's determined that it may have invaded the adjacent cells though, the doctor will then use more radical surgeries.

The exclusion of one or more lobes of the lung, but not the undivided organ, is called a 'lobectomy'. If the thoracic surgeon believes that only part of it is precious and that it has not apply to the whole organ, the surgeon will opt for a lobectomy.

However, if it is alleged the whole lung may be occupied, he may then take to do a pneumonectomy. A 'pneumonectomy' is the deduction of the entire lung. Before this surgery, the doctor will work tests to be definite that the enduring lung will be competent of supporting your wishes for oxygen before burden a complete pneumonectomy.

Surgery is a very insidious care and is not the behavior of choice for most cancers. Doctors will only work surgery if there is a hazard that it will detach it in its entirety. If it has superior afar a small portion, or it's speedily dispersal, then surgery to eliminate it does not make any brains. In these instances, radiology, chemotherapy or some other font of conduct would be a more reasonable alternative.

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Know About Deadly Disease - Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is mostly treated by surgery but it is possible only sometimes, which is operable at the time of diagnosis. This treatment includes the removal of a cancerous tumor or entire lobe of the lung. In this type of cancer there is a possibility of reappearance of cancer after surgery. In order to avoid reappearance, chemotherapy is a very successful treatment nowadays.

Chemotherapy is the treatment that uses drugs to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. It also reduces the pain and other problems caused due to lung cancer. Chemotherapy drugs are given via injecting in vein through catheter and thin tube or as pill and thus chemo drugs reach in all parts of the body. Chemotherapy treatment depends on the type of cancer, stage of cancer and current health of the patient.

The growth, even though it might begin in the lungs, can move to other organs within the body. This is known as metastasis. Metastasis is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death in men and the second most in women. It is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually. How do you know if you should be tested for lung cancer Some symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and massive amounts of weight loss.

Most lung cancer patients are treated with chemotherapy but some are able to be treated through surgical procedures. There are two types of lung cancer. They are small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma. The latter is treated with surgery.

In 2005 according to the American Cancer Society and the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) approximately 555,312 people died of lung cancer in the USA which accounted for about 22.8% of all deaths in the US.
The American Cancer Society and the CDC estimates that in 2008 over 215,020 new cases of lung cancer will exist. Within these stats around 114,000 men and 100,000 women will be involved. Lung cancer is the second biggest killer among people. And in 2008 out of 745,180 men tested, 15% have lung cancer and out of 692,000 women tested, 14% lung have some form of cancer. The top killer for men is prostate and the top for women is breast cancer.

Nicotine is highly addictive, smoke containing nicotine is inhaled into the lungs, and the nicotine reaches your brain just six seconds. Nicotine in small doses ask as the stimulant to the brain. In larger doses of lethal poison affecting the heart, blood, and hormones. One of the reasons people smoke is to calm their nerves.

New research indicates that higher intakes of vitamin E in the forms of alpha, beta and gamma-tocopherol may be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. In this study population, Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol reduced the risk of lung cancer by as much as 61 percent.

Small cell lung cancer is detected with the help of an X-ray machine in addition to physical examinations, sputum tests and laboratory tests. A medical professional will also use a bronchoscope to get a detailed look inside the lungs. Despite huge medical advances in the treatment of cancer, there is yet no cure found for this type of cancer.

The detection of non-small lung cancer employs much the same methods as those of small. In addition it also uses Positron Emission Topography (PET) and CAT scans to locate the exact positions of the tumors. Some of the more common symptoms of non-small lung caner include breathing difficulties, persistent coughing, presence of blood in the sputum, chest pains, loss of appetite and an overall run-down feeling.


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5 Things You Can Do to Prevent Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is a form that is quite difficult to treat. Simply put lung cancer is the cancer affecting the lung tissues making it difficult for exchange of gases in the respiratory system. It is very elusive and hence difficult to diagnose. The symptoms are not out of the ordinary and hence can mislead the physician.

The patients suffer a lot and treatment is limited and localized. Prevention is the best form of cure as far as cancer is concerned since all forms of cancer are torturous to the mind and body of the individual. Prevention is easier where lung cancer is concerned. Avoiding risk causing substances, the chances of developing it can be reduced or its occurrence can be prolonged.

Things That Can Be Done To Prevent Lung Cancer Are:



Quit Smoking:

The first and the foremost factor is, of course, smoking. This is the main cause of lung cancer. An estimated 87% deaths occur due to lung cancer caused by smoking. Make your body tobacco free. This is the best defense possible against lung cancer. Kicking the habit might be difficult but certainly would be better than suffering from cancer of the lung. Another aspect of smoking is the effect it has on people exposed to the smoke.

Secondhand smoke or the smoke emanating from cigarettes, cigars and pipes is carcinogenic. This smoke is known to contain more than sixty carcinogens or agents that can trigger the process of cancer development. These carcinogens cause changes in cell division and development. The abnormal divisions give rise to excess number of cells which do not have regulatory processes governing them and hence causes malfunctions leading to malignancies.

Eat fruits and vegetables:

Nature itself has provided us with the chemicals required to fight cancer. Antioxidants and flavanoids are substances that aid in repairing damaged cells and helps in protecting the nuclear material or the DNA. These substances are available in abundance in fruits and vegetables. Consuming five portions of fruits and vegetables in a day will go far in keeping cancer at bay. People who are physically active and fit have lesser chances of being succumbed by cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight would be beneficial.

Avoid Exposure to radon:

Radon is a substance that is highly carcinogenic. Exposure to radon and such other radioactive gases can cause lung cancer. Radon is a byproduct of uranium degradation. This is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas which cannot be detected easily. Homes built over natural deposits of uranium can have radon in them and exposure to this is dangerous. Homes should be checked and test for the presence of this deadly carcinogen.

Avoid Exposure to pollutants in workplace:

Pollutants like gasoline, arsenic, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, mustard gas, coal products, chloro methyl ethers, diesel exhaust are carcinogens or agents causing cancer. Workplace can expose you to these agents and it should be reduced or limited in concordance with the employer.

Chemoprevention:

Many cancer specific natural drugs can some times reverse the process of cancer. These drugs can be taken to prevent cancer from occurring in patients with history of the condition. The area dealing with chemoprevention is under active clinical research.

Dr. James S. Pendergraft


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Pleural Mesothelioma Symptoms

Once trapped in the body, asbestos fibers cause cancerous cells to divide abnormally, resulting in the thickening of the pleural membrane layers and mesothelial cells, causing build-up of fluid (called pleural effusion). The fluid begins to put pressure on the lungs and the respiratory system in general, preventing normal breathing. Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are largely caused by these developments and may include the following:

• Persistent dry or raspy cough
• Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
• Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia)
• Shortness of breath that occurs even when at rest (dyspnea)
• Persistent pain in the chest or rib area, or painful breathing
• Development of lumps under the skin on the chest
• Night sweats or fever
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue

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Asbestos Exposure & Mesothelioma - What is Asbestos, History, Usage, Health Hazards & Risks, Asbestos Related Diseases

Asbestos by definition is the name of several minerals that naturally occur in the environment as bundles of fibers and are separated into thin durable threads. Asbestos fibers are resistant to chemicals, fire & heat and cannot conduct electricity. This is why they are used in many different industries. Asbestos is divided into 2 subgroups; 1) chrysotile belongs to the serpentine minerals group and has curly fibers and 2) amphibole straight, needle-like fibers. More on these subgroups of asbestos is discussed below. Asbestos fibers are known to be a threat to humans and their lungs because once asbestos fibers are inhaled into the lungs, they form solid malignant tumors that can lead to peritoneal, pleural or pericardial mesothelioma. Other diseases that could develop as a result of exposure to asbestos include pleural disorders such as asbestosis, pleural thickening, pleural plaques, and pleural effusions. Scientists discovered this fact after conducting many studies on patients that had cumulative asbestos exposures of 5 to 1,200 fiber-year/mL. This metric is common on patients who have had 40 years of occupational asbestos exposure, with air concentrations of 0.125 to 30 fiber/mL. Cancerous diseases from asbestos exposure take many years to develop, as many as 15 years after initial exposure. Smokers who have had occupational asbestos exposure are at even increased risks of developing lung cancer. The average time from initial asbestos exposure to development of mesothelioma lung cancer is 30 years. Family members of workers who have worked around asbestos in their occupations are also at risk of developing lung cancer because the husbands carried asbestos fibers on their clothes while their wives washed them.

History of Asbestos Use

Beginning the late 1800s, asbestos was mined and used in many different industries all over North America, especially before the World War II. Examples of industry use include:

- Automotive industry uses asbestos in vehicle brakeshoes and clutch pads.
- Building & construction industry uses asbestos for strengthening cement as well as sound absorption, roofing, insulation and fireproofing.
- Shipbuilding industry uses asbestos to insulate hot water pipes, boilers and steampipes.
- Asbestos is also used in many different industrial products such as plastics, ceiling & floor tiles, adhesives, talc-containing crayons, etc.

The image on the right is of a ship dismantling site in Alang, India. This is a site where ships that are over hundred years old and rusting are destroyed and dismantled. Since these workers dismantle ships by hand, they are at increased risk of asbestos exposure. Infact, it is estimated that 1 out of 6 workers on this worksite are suffering from Asbestosis or other asbestos related diseases.

Asbestos was banned from use near gas fireplaces and wallboard patching compounds by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in the early 1980s. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned all new uses of Asbestos and required all schools to inspect their building compounds for presence of asbestos fibers and ordered immediate asbestos abatement. In August 2000, the EPA ordered an investigation inquiry into the use of vermiculite asbestos in gardening products. The study concluded that vermiculite asbestos posed minimal health risks and the EPA advised gardening consumers to minimize emission of dust whilst gardening. The EPA also suggested consumers use vermiculite in well ventilated areas only and keep it damp. It was also suggested to use premixed potting soil which is less likely to emit dust. In June 2000, the EPA determined that asbestos fibers that reside in crayons & pencils did not pose a health risk to children using them, although crayon manufacturers agreed to eliminate the use of talc in their products. According to Cancer.Gov, the use of asbestos in the US has decline from 803,000 metric tons in 1973 to only 2,400 metric tons in 2005.

Health Hazards & Risks of Asbestos Exposure

Most mesothelioma lung cancer patients have been exposed to asbestos whilst at work, whether they are at metal works, construction sites, shipyards, automotive or plastics industries. If products containing asbestos are disturbed, tiny asbestos fibers are released into the air. If these fibers are inhaled by humans, they get trapped in the lungs and can work their way into the pleura thus causing pleural mesothelioma, or into the pericardial cavity causing pericardial mesothelioma or into the abdomen (linings of the lungs) causing peritoneal mesothelioma. These fibers can accumulate in the lungs over a long period of time and cause serious inflammation leading to shortness of breath & excessive cough (which are the first symptoms of mesothelioma lung cancer). Asbestos has officially been classified as a human carcinogen (a substance that causes lung cancer) by the EPA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Asbestos exposure can also cause Asbestosis which is a chronic lung disease that results in symptoms such as excessive cough, shortness of breath & permanent lung damages.

The risks for asbestos exposure are not high for everyday people who are exposed to the air, water and the soil of the earth. It is occupational asbestos workers that come into contact with asbestos products on a daily basis that are at high risk of inhaling asbestos fibers. Starting from the 1940s (before World War II) and onwards, millions of American workers have been exposed to Asbestos on the job. These types of jobs include firefighters, automobile workers, drywall removers, demolition workers, insulation workers in the construction & building industry, as well as mining & shipbuilding workers. Other workers involved in the cleanup of the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City are also at risk. How were asbestos fibers released into the air during the attacks? Asbestos was used in the construction of the North Tower of the World Trade Center and when this building was blown up, hundreds of tons of asbestos fibers were released into the air. On the job workers who are at most risk include firefighters, paramedics, construction workers & volunteers, police officers & investigators. 70% of workers who helped in the rescue and clean up efforts of the September 11th, 2001 attacks suffered worse respiratory systems and 28% had abnormal lung function tests.

Factors that Affect Risk of Developing Asbestos Related Diseases

There are several factors that determine the risk of asbestos workers developing asbestos related diseases. They include:

i) Dose (amount of asbestos the worker was exposed to).
ii) Duration (how long the worker was exposed to asbestos)
iii) Chemical properties, size & shape of asbestos fibers
iv) Source of exposure, e.g the blowup of the North tower of the World Trade Center that released hundreds of tons of asbestos fibers into the air
v) Other risk factors including smoking and prior lung diseases

Symptoms of Asbestos Related Diseases

So how do patients know they have developed an asbestos related disease such as mesothelioma lung cancer? By the symptoms, here they are:

- Fatigue or anemia
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Difficulty swallowing
- Swelling of the face or neck
- Blood coughed up from the lungs
- Excessive cough
- Hoarseness or shortness of breath

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How Does Asbestos Cause Pleural Mesothelioma?

n cases of pleural mesothelioma, asbestos exposure occurs via inhalation of asbestos fibers. Once these fibers have entered the lungs, they work their way to the pleural membrane, and the body experiences great difficulty in expelling the fibers. Over a long period of time - typically two decades or more - asbestos fibers cause changes in these pleural cells, which may cause scarring of the lungs and, eventually, the formation of tumors.

When pleural cells become cancerous, they are no longer regulated by the mechanisms that control division of normal healthy cells. They begin to divide continuously, and this causes thickening of pleural membranes. As a result, lung capacity is reduced, and fluid begins to build up between pleural layers.

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Leukemia - Cause

Experts do not yet know what causes leukemia.

A risk factor is anything that raises your chance of getting a disease. Risk factors for some types of leukemia include:

• Smoking and tobacco use.
• Being exposed to large amounts of radiation.
• Being exposed to certain chemicals in the workplace.
• Past chemotherapy or radiation for another cancer. (This is rare, and not all chemotherapies raise your leukemia risk.)

Most people who get leukemia do not have any risk factors.

Most types of leukemia do not seem to run in families. But in some cases chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) does.¹ There are also certain genetic conditions, like Down syndrome, that can make acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) more likely.

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Functional Ovarian Cysts

What is a functional ovarian cyst?

A functional ovarian cyst is a sac that forms on the surface of a woman’s ovary during ovulation. It holds a maturing egg. Usually the sac goes away after the egg is released. If an egg is not released, or if the sac closes up after the egg is released, the sac can swell up with fluid.

Functional ovarian cysts are different than ovarian growths caused by other problems, such as cancer. Most of these cysts are harmless. They do not cause symptoms, and they go away without treatment. But if a cyst becomes large, it can twist, rupture, or bleed and can be very painful.

What causes functional ovarian cysts?

A functional ovarian cyst forms because of slight changes in the way the ovary makes or releases an egg. There are two types of these cysts:

• A follicular cyst occurs when a sac on the ovary does not release an egg, and the sac swells up with fluid.
• A luteal cyst occurs when the sac releases an egg and then reseals and fills with fluid.

What are the symptoms?

Most functional ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms. The larger the cyst is, the more likely it is to cause symptoms. Symptoms can include:

• Pain or aching in your lower belly, usually when you are in the middle of your menstrual cycle.
• A delay in the start of your menstrual period.
• Vaginal bleeding when you are not having your period.

Some functional ovarian cysts can twist or break open (rupture) and bleed. Symptoms include:

• Sudden, severe pain, often with nausea and vomiting (possible sign of a twisted cyst).
• Pain during or after sex (possible sign of a ruptured cyst).

If you have these symptoms, call your doctor right away. Some ruptured cysts bleed enough that treatment is needed to prevent heavy blood loss.

How are functional ovarian cysts diagnosed?

Your doctor may find an ovarian cyst during a routine pelvic exam. He or she may then use a pelvic ultrasound to make sure that the cyst is filled with fluid. In a few months, after you have been through 2 or 3 menstrual cycles, your doctor will recheck you. The cyst is likely to go away on its own during this time.

If you see your doctor for pelvic pain or bleeding, you'll be checked for problems that may be causing your symptoms. Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms and menstrual periods. He or she will do a pelvic exam and may do a pelvic ultrasound.

How are they treated?

Most functional ovarian cysts go away without treatment. Your doctor may suggest using heat and medicine to relieve minor pain.

If a large cyst bleeds or causes severe pain, you can have surgery to remove it.

Your doctor may suggest that you take birth control pills, which stop ovulation. This may prevent new cysts from forming.

From:women.webmd.com

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Lung Cancer Warning Signs

Early Detection Of Lung Cancer Can Save Your Life
Early detection of lung cancer warning signs - or any other types of illnesses - is crucial in helping to find a cure for the disease. Indeed, the earlier one is able to find out about the disease, the better chances they have for combating the illness.

Lung cancer warning signs are similar to recognizing the symptoms of the disease. Hence, having enough knowledge of other conditions associated with this illness would be helpful.

Below is a list of lung cancer warning signs you should be keeping a close eye on:

• Persistent Coughing
• Presence of blood or mucus when coughing
• Loss of appetite resulting to weight loss
• Feeling of shortness of breath
• Pneumonia, bronchitis, or other respiratory-related illness
• Constant pain in the chest, back, or neck
• Uncharacteristic fever

You need to pay close attention to any changes in your body though, since most of the symptoms are not evident until they have reached the advanced stage.

Once you have determined these symptoms, there are essential steps and further information you need to know.

Spread of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is caused by the presence of cancer cells. These abnormal cells continue to divide on their own without following a particular order or pattern. Because of this nature in the cells, they have the potential to destroy the neighboring tissues of the body.

In fact, they can also develop into a malignant tumor which can invade your bloodstream and cripple the lymphatic system. The process known as metastasizing is responsible for the spread of cancer cells such that the initial cancer tumor can cause the growth of new tumors in various parts of the body.

In terms of determining the rate at which these cancer cells spread, it largely depends on the type of cells. But on average, tumor growth can happen in a span of a few months.

When To Consult A Doctor

As soon as you notice any of the symptoms listed above, it is best to meet with your doctor immediately.

This will allow them to make diagnosis or assess your condition. Furthermore, the earlier you act on any lung cancer warning signs or symptoms, the more capable you are at preventing it from getting worse.

Immediate consultation with your doctor will enable them to further investigate the reason for such symptoms to exclude other health conditions.

Below is a list of what is recognized as late-stage lung cancer symptoms. One needs to work together with their physician to avoid reaching this stage:

• Inexplainable feeling of fatigue
• Reduced appetite
• Aches in your joints,bones, or constant headaches
• Bone fractures that are not brought about by injury
• Swelling on your face or neck
• Abnormalities in your neurologic conditions

Tests for Lung Cancer

Once you have seen with your doctor, the following tests are conducted to diagnose you:

1) Chest x-ray: This is mostly done for patients with complaints on excessive coughing and shortness of breath.
2) CAT Scan: This method of scanning in such areas as chest, head, abdomen, or pelvis helps assess the size of a tumor or evaluate how farther it has spread.

3) Bronchoscopy: In this method, your physician creates a direct visualization of your airways after numbing medications or sedations are administered.

4) PET Scan: This tool is used for assessing the tumor, which also utilize a chemical known as radionuclide. As soon as your first lung cancer warning signs become evident, it is best to undergo this test to help prevent the rapid growth of tumors.


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Overcoming Ovarian Cyst Pain

It is not uncommon for women who have ovarian cysts to suffer from ovarian cyst pain. Studies show that, at some point in their lives, close to 80% of women will have an ovarian cyst. The cyst is a fluid-filled pouch that takes shape within or on the ovaries throughout a regular menstrual cycle. This is the harsh reality. On the positive end of things, cysts are mostly benign (85% of them) and will dissipate on their own in at most two menstrual cycles. Benign ovarian cysts are known as functional cysts, and usually don't require any medical treatment. While there are really no major symptoms associated with functional cysts they can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

There are a few different kinds of functional cysts. When a the sac carrying the female's egg fails to open, it can continue to grow into what is referred to as a follicular cyst. Corpus luteum cysts develop if the sac for some reason does not dissipate immediately--after the egg releases the sac becomes sealed and fluid starts to build up within it. This type of cyst usually dissolves on its own after a few weeks and does not cause any pain or discomfort. In rare case, however, the cyst can continue to grow up to four inches in diameter; this can cause extreme pain by twisting the ovary, or it can even bleed out. Drugs that induce ovulation can cause cysts to form. Functional cysts are not cancerous and only occasionally cause the woman to experience pain.

This does not mean that all cysts are as mild as the ones described above. Women who are diagnosed with endometriosis can develop endometrioma cysts. This is a condition which occurs when the tissue that coats the uterus grows inside of it. This tissue can form cysts when it becomes attached to the ovary. In addition to causing severe lower back pain and abdomnial, menstruation and sexual intercourse are very painful for women suffering from endometrioma cysts.

When cells located outside the ovary surface develop into cysts, this is known as cystadenoma. They are loaded with a tacky gelatin that feels thick and liquidy. These cysts turn out to be incredibly huge, and might be what causes a great deal of pain in the female organs. Dermoid cysts are very different from the cysts we have so far described because they can grow other tissue, hair and teeth. The ovarian cyst pain associated with dermoid cysts can be harrowing as these cysts can also grow to massive proportions.

If these cysts are present in the ovary then it can cause a great deal of pain. The most common severe pain in the abdomen or the pelvis that often extends to the buttocks, thighs and the lower back, pressure and fullness on the abdomen, problems when trying to pass urine, painful sexual intercourse, extreme pain just before your menstrual period begins and just before it ends, abnormal bleeding and vomiting.

It is also crucial to take note on the fact that not all ovarian cysts are malignant. They can be easily removed with open surgery, or the less invasive option, laparoscopy surgery. You should seek immediate medical attention if you experience extreme ovarian cyst pain.


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What to Look For "Lung Cancer"

Lung cancer symptoms are very elusive and misleading. Mostly the condition is diagnosed only after having reached advanced stages. As of now there is no screening procedure for lung cancer. Symptoms are almost non existent where lung cancer is concerned.

There might be a mild cough or shortness of breath that can also be attributed to some respiratory infections. This is the main reason as to why most of the lung cancer cases go undiagnosed in the early stages. Only a meagre 16% of the cases are diagnosed early enough to facilitate treatment and cure.

Some of the symptoms that we can investigate are as follows:


1-A new persistent cough that refuses to go away. Smokers usually have cough but if they have cancer the severity of the cough would be different.

2-Chest pain is another indication that usually goes unnoticed. The pain can deepen with difficulty in breathing accompanied with cough or laugh.

3-The throat is hoarse and when accompanied with wheezing can indicate inflammation of the lungs which could be cancer.

4-There is gradual loss of weight due to loss of appetite.

5-Hemoptysis or coughing up blood is a sure indication of cancer. The coughed up phlegm would be rust colored showing the presence of blood.

6-The patient can suffer from shortness of breath due to blockage of air caused by pleural effusion or fluid collection around the lungs or spread of tumor in the lungs.

7-Repeated respiratory illnesses like bronchitis and pneumonia are a cause for concern. This could be indicative of lung cancer.

The cancer metastasizes or spreads to other organs in the body; if it goes undetected in the first or early stages. Lung cancer usually is found to spread to the bones, the brain, liver, pericardium or the lining of the heart, adrenal glands and also from one lung to another. The spread of the cancer brings with it the onset of more symptoms like

1-Bone pain if the cancer has spread to the bones. The pain is felt in the back bone or vertebrae, the thigh bones and the bones making up the ribs.

2-Headaches, weakness of vision, numbness of appendages, dizziness and seizures if the spread of the cancer is to the brain.

3-Jaundice is caused when the liver is affected by the liver. This is usually not detected and is discovered much later. Initial symptoms of the cancer spreading to liver are nonexistent.

4-If the spread of cancer affects the lymph nodes then lumps appear on the surface of the body usually in the neck or above the collar bone.

Clubbed fingers, anemia, fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, skin rashes, low sodium content, degeneration of brain etc are all symptoms that have been found to exist in all types of cancer including lung cancer. Incidental chest x rays performed for other infections help in the identification of the condition since there are no specific symptoms that point towards cancer of the lung.

From : Dr. James S. Pendergraft


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Prostate Massage Can Ease Prostate Symptoms

Prostate massage can ease prostate symptoms, improve the circulation of blood in the prostate, help cleanse the gland, promote bladder health, and rejuvenate sexual capabilities. It can be done as often as necessary and once prostate symptoms have gone away, once or twice a month is enough to keep the prostate healthy.

After the initial squeamish sensations of having the male prostate gland stimulated are overcome, a man can begin to enjoy the pleasurable effects and in many cases may experience highly pleasurable orgasms. As with all forms of foreplay, there should be prior buildup of intimacy between the partners and this form of pleasure cannot be rushed.

Prostate Stimulation

Prostate stimulation, also known as prostate massage, is term used to describe stimulation of male's G-spot. When done properly, self prostate stimulation can help a man to achieve explosive and mind altering multiple orgasms. While there are no shortage of advice on female's orgasm and G-spot, it is time to talk about enhancing your sexual pleasure.

Prostate stimulation is when the prostate gland is massaged and a man has an ejaculation of semen without his penis being manipulated. This can be done by yourself or with a partner. You can find out how you can start finding sensual pleasure without your penis ever being touched simply by learning how to utilize prostate stimulation.

Prostate exercising at least once a week allows you flush the system with oxygenated blood and allows peak sperm production, maintains prostrate health and generally maintains optimum performance.

Aside from the potential health benefits, prostate stimulation can for many men, lead to a prostate orgasm. A prostate orgasm is much different than a typical male orgasm in the fact that they usually are much more intense and last longer than a typical male orgasm.

Prostate Orgasm

A Prostate massage also known as self prostate milking is one of the most pleasurable activity a man can experience in his lifetime. It is not only pleasurable, but it helps maintain a healthy Prostate.

A prostate massager is specifically designed to stimulate the prostate and is very beneficial for men who dislike using their finger for the prostate massage or prostate milking or can't reach their prostate.

Prostate orgasms are much more intense and last much longer than regular penile orgasms. Also, since you don't ejaculate during prostate orgasms, your refractory period (time between erections/sex) is no longer an issue. Again, no ejaculation, no prolactin. Therefore no end to sex!

While beneficial for some individuals, prostate milking it is NOT advisable for men with acute prostatitis as a prostate milking may for allow the prostate infection to spread to other parts of the body.

From: Paul Rodgers


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Is Breast Cancer on the Increase?

Less than 50 years ago only 1 in every 20 women was diagnosed with it. Now the statistics show that 1 in 7 women are diagnosed with it. What many doctors believe though is that in the past we didn’t have the technology or the knowledge so many cases of breast cancer went undiagnosed.

Some of the facts are very interesting. For example it is believed that women that wear bras are more likely to develop breast cancer than those that don’t. This is because women that wear a bra all the time restrict the movement of the breasts. It is believed it is this limited movement that can allow breast cancer to increase. Since many women work long shifts and even sleep in their bras it can increase the risk for them.

There is other research to indicate women that breast feed and that exercise on a regular basis are less likely to develop breast cancer. This is due to the fact that such activities help to stimulate the mammary glands. The fact that more women are in the workforce today than in the past though has lead to many of them passing up breast feeding for very nutritious formulas. It is also no secret that most women don’t get the level of exercise that they should on a regular basis.

It is definitely believed that the increase of free radicals and chemicals in our environment has lead to an increase in breast cancer. While it can be genetic in nature, for many women there is no family history of breast cancer. They are healthy in all other ways and they do eat right as well as exercise. Therefore the theory is that the fall into a category of individuals that are diagnosed with breast cancer due to that is released into their environment.

It may surprise you to find out that many things around us can be linked to causing breast cancer. They include pesticides and herbicides that are often used to promote the growth of the foods we consume. It is believed that some ingredients in cosmetics, anti aging creams, and even weight loss products can result in breast cancer developing. Since so many women continue to use such products that certainly is believed to be part of the reason why breast cancer is increasing.

While there is still more research that has to be conducted, there certainly are plenty of indicators that show breast cancer is on the increase. It is important to take note of the reasons behind this so that women can strive to reduce their own risks.


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Mesothelioma Lawsuits Continue To Grow

Mesothelioma lawsuits continue to grow at an astounding rate. Mesothelioma is a cancer that is caused by exposure to asbestos. Approximately 3000 individuals die from Mesothelioma each year.

Mesothelioma is a deadly form of cancer that has a very low survival rate. When a person develops Mesothelioma from exposure to asbestos they often want to take legal action because they believe they are entitled to compensation for their pain and suffering.

Fighting Mesothelioma is a tough battle and if the cancer was a result of negligence by a company or person then you have the right to sue for damages through the courts.

If you have been diagnosed with Mesothelioma it is important that you at quickly. The best way to pursue a lawsuit is to contact an attorney who specializes in asbestos litigation. This type of attorney will be able to advise you if you have a case and provide you with the expertise you will need to pursue a lawsuit.

Start by putting together a list of Mesothelioma lawyers in your area. You can then begin to contact them by telephone or e-mail. Provide the law firm with the details of your case and find out if they are interested in representing you.

You also need to find out what there fees are. Both for an initial consultation and then to handle the lawsuit. Some attorneys charge an hourly fee while others will work for a percentage of the settlement. It’s always a good idea to short list to about 3 attorneys, then meet with each and decide which one you feel best suits your needs.



This initial consultation is a good time for you and your attorney to get to know each other better. Your attorney will ask you many questions about your potential lawsuit and you should feel free to ask the attorney any questions you may have. It’s also a good time for you to find out how much actual experience the attorney has with Mesothelioma cases.

After you’ve chosen your lawyer it’s time to get busy. Your lawyer will begin to work on your case and will call you in for a meeting when ever necessary. Your lawyer should always be willing to listen to you and he or she should always keep you updated as to the progress of your lawsuit.

If you file a lawsuit expect the process to be quite lengthy and at times quite tough. However it is the only method you have to seek compensation. Because this type of lawsuit is so complex and entails a great deal of scientific and medical data they can take as much as ten years to settle. No matter how long it takes to pursue a lawsuit you should seek compensation.

Settlements vary a great deal with many settlements being in the millions. Mesolthelioma settlements are available to you as the Mesothelioma cancer victim but many lawyers have also been able to secure settlements for the immediate family.

It has only been in the past few years that enough evidence has come to light to show the effects between asbestos exposure and Mesolthelioma cancer. As a result in past years many people died without receiving compensation. If a family member has already passed away as a result of this deadly cancer it may not be too late for you to file a lawsuit. Be sure to speak with an attorney.

Compensation will not return your health, nor extend your life, but compensation can help you live more comfortably, seek the best medical treatments available, and give you the satisfaction of knowing your family will be taken care of after you are gone.

Mesolthelioma is a horrible cancer. Thank goodness we are a little smarter than we were back then and no longer expose workers to asbestos unless they have appropriate safety gear. Mesolthelioma cancer lawsuits will continue to grow as companies that used asbestos and placed their employees in danger continue to be sued for compensation, and rightfully so.


By Aura Mirchandani


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Treating Mesothelioma Cancer

To understand the definition of Mesothelioma cancer once needs to understand the type of cells inside the human body know which ones are called Mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells are cells that form the outer membrane of vital organs such as heart, lungs and abdominal organs. Mesothelioma cancer attacks this outer membrane. Mesothelioma can be divided into three categories each affecting the outer membrane of a different organ, the organs being the heart, lung and abdominal organs.

There are three types of treatments for mesothelioma patients. First one is surgery, the next chemotherapy and the third, radiotherapy. Several alternative medicine options are also available and these can be combined with the treatments and have so far provided very good results.

Surgery has proven to be a very effective treatment option for mesothelioma cancer but before a patient can have surgery performed on him the doctors must examine him or her to determine whether there is in fact a tumor in the body or not. After this examination, the doctors can perform the surgery and remove the damaged parts or in some cases the entire organ depending on how far the cancer had spread.

Chemotherapy is a method to destroy these malignant cells. It involves the patient taking drugs that do just that either directly or through a vein. Chemotherapy can be performed after a surgery to help remove any remaining cancer cells and if it used this way chemotherapy is referred to as a 'secondary treatment'.

Radiotherapy uses rays that can effectively kill the cancer cells and it can be used as an assistant treatment after surgery to kill off any remaining cancer cells.

No matter what type of cancer diagnosis, whether it is mesothelioma or another type of cancer, anyone can deal with the stress of the disease and its treatments better with a healthy, balanced diet. Your physical strength and stamina can be increased when you maintain a healthy weight, as well, which can help you to deal with any difficult situations relating to the mesothelioma.
When you stick to a healthy, nutritious diet plan, you are doing your body a big favor. Following such a plan, you can enhance your strength and assist your body in its fight against infection. A well-balanced diet has also been shown to help the body to rebuild tissues that have been damaged.

Determining a healthy diet is simple - just look to the United States Department of Agriculture for advice. They have determined that a healthy, well-balanced diet incorporates all levels found on the food pyramid. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat and beans are all foods to be enjoyed in varying amounts, while sweets and oils should be used in moderation (if at all). Exercise is an integral part of their healthy diet plan! They recommend at least 30 minutes of it each and every day.

When a patient has mesothelioma or another form of cancer, the focus of a healthy lifestyle is more important than for healthy individuals. Nutritional and exercise considerations are crucial to cancer patients, and some studies done by medical professionals have focused on this fact. These studies have shown how cancer can change a patient´s eating habits, while it also shows how eating habits can increase a person´s likelihood of developing various types of cancer.

Although it is known that a healthy, balanced diet is beneficial, it can be disrupted by cancer treatments. Side effects like nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite can hamper a patient´s ability to stick to a proper eating plan. When this occurs, a doctor can recommend and prescribe medications to help with the alleviation of the side effects. The physician or a dietician can be extremely useful during this period by providing meal planning and preparation suggestions.

Unfortunately, there is no nutritional cure for mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. It is a comfort to know that dietary changes may help with the stress and side effects that go along with the cancer treatments, though.


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How to Stay Away From Cancer With a Strong Immune System.

A strong immune system would keep all kinds of illnesses away. The system is capable of keeping even cancer away. The human immune system has the ability to suppress or stop the growth of cancerous cells. This could explain the dormancy state of many tumors. The human body's first line of defense aids in getting it rid of bacteria, viruses and fungi. A good and strong immune system would help the cancer patients by keeping them away from infections during treatment.

The cancer suppressing state achieved by a strong immune system is known as equilibrium. During this state the cancer cells loose their ability to grow, some cells are killed. Though this effect is not enough to eliminate the cancer or reduce the size of the tumor. Research is on full swing to check the cell killing ability of the equilibrium state so that it could be used for treating cancer in the future.

The immune system has the property of immuno-surveillance by which it can distinguish the malignant tumor cells from the normal cells and can use its components to eliminate the cancerous cells like it does the bacteria and other antigens that invade the body. The theory of immuno- editing which is relatively new states that the immune system naturally recognizes the cancer cells as foreign and negotiates with it to have three outcomes,

-The immune system eliminates and destroys the cancer completely from the body.

-The immune system attains a balance with the cancer cells, checks their growth but does not destroy them.

-The cancer is elusive and the immune system cannot locate it. It spreads and becomes malignant.

Cancer is still under research and lot of things has still to be discovered. One of the main things required to fight cancer is the immune system and this can be achieved by a healthy diet. Recent research has discovered three groups of food that has been found to increase or boost the immune system's functions. This could therefore help in the active prevention of development of cancer. The following is the list of food found to be beneficial:

-Marine algae like kombu and wakame increases immune function and reduce inflammation. These algae have been found to possess fucoidan, a complex sugar polymer which is responsible for the specific function.

-Some Asian mushrooms like the shiitake, the enokitake and the maitake have the ability to stimulate the immune system.

-Probiotics have been found to replenish the body with good and beneficial bacteria. These are essential for the maintenance of the immune system. Yogurt contains live cultures and consuming this is the easiest way to a healthier immune system.

Red wine is another edible substance that has anticancer properties. The wine contains antioxidants that inhibit the development of cancer. Biological therapy is the new kid on the block and uses the body's immune system to fight cancer directly or indirectly. They can also be used to reduce the side effects of cancer treatment.


To Your Health!

From : Dr. James S.


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What Causes Leukemia?

Leukemia causes are still unknown. In present, medical science isn't able to establish the specific leukemia causes. However, a strong connection between certain genetic factors and the development of the disease has been revealed. Leukemia occurs on the background of genetic failure that causes the excessive production of incomplete, partially matured blood cells. Also, leukemia has a hereditary character, allowing the transmission of genetic predispositions to disease from one generation to another. Although many factors are known to contribute to the development of leukemia, they alone can't be considered leukemia causes.

The cause of acute leukemia is unknown. The only thing that one can say for certain is that some people are at a higher risk of getting the disease than others. People who are exposed to radiations or certain chemicals have the highest chance of contracting the disease. In addition, there is the hereditary factor. It has been seen that children receive the defective gene from their mother and this gene may lead to acute leukemia. People who have leukemia tend to bruise easily or bleed easily from the nose and gums. In addition to weak immune system, there is a general feeling of fatigue and unexplained weight loss. The disease by itself does not have any specific symptoms.

In normal condition, these stem cells develop either into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, into a controlled way. Leukemia perturbs the normal development of blood cells and causes the accumulation of partially developed cells, that aren't able to fulfill their role inside the organism. Judging by the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia differs from chronic leukemia by the levels that stem cells are able to reach in their development (stem cells that present anomalies still manage to partially develop and either resemble immature cells or complete, normal white blood cells).

Leukemia is a bone marrow disorder that arises when one abnormal white blood cell begins to continuously replicate itself. Leukemia, which literally means "white blood" in Greek, occurs when there is an excess of abnormal white blood cells in the blood. The disease usually starts in the white blood cells. The blood-forming (hematopoietic) cells of the bone marrow make leukocytes to defend the body against infectious organisms, such as viruses and bacteria. If the cells reach the central nervous system and build up in the cerebrospinal fluid that support s the brain and spinal column, they can cause headaches and seizures.

Chances of survival are better with the combination of ATRA and chemotherapy than chemotherapy alone. This is because ATRA combined with chemotherapy accounts for a slightly higher rate of complete remissions while allowing significantly fewer relapses. Maintenance cure with ATRA, and possibly with low-dose chemotherapy, further reduces the occurrence of relapse. The advent of ATRA therapy has revolutionized the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and clearly enhanced the prognosis.

A certain cause of Leukemia is not yet known as it can affect persons of all ages and both sexes. A link however between leukemia and benzene prolonged exposure or high doses of radiations could be established. But most cases cannot be rationally explained. The main target of the Leukemia treatment is to annihilate all existing abnormal cells in blood and bone marrow. A complete remission means no left trace of cancerous modifications. Some of the treated cases show a reoccurrence of the disease with other signs and symptoms.


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Breast Cancer is Genetic Control?

The hormones in question are estrogen and progesterone. Any levels significantly different from the average of the females at the age the woman is, represents an increase in probability of getting breast cancer. This includes age factors for the beginning age of menstruation as well as the ending age. If a girl begins menstruation at an early age, or a woman past middle age has not reached menopause, cancer risk increases.

Because of this connection, hormone therapy after menopause is not always a recommended practice - especially if there are is a family history with links to breast cancer.

The dietary aspect is also under scrutiny, but all indicators are that obesity and/or a diet that is high in percentage of calories consumed as fat are both positively linked to higher breast cancer probability. There are also indications that excessive alcohol usage is a prominent factor.



Whether breast cancer is genetic is really two questions. One is whether family genetics are a major factor, and the other is the genetic cause of recurrence in the actual patient. Concerning the latter, a woman who previously had breast cancer that was successfully removed still has a very significantly higher risk of getting it again. An operationally removed tumor in early stages represents the best chance of reducing future risk. Chemotherapy and radiation are not as effective, since the cancerous stem cells are never destroyed. Stem cells are the special cells that do the multiplying and replacement of old cells. So if cancerous stem cells, even in small quantities are still present, their genetic code will be replicated in some of the cells with which the body replaces old cells.

Family genetic factors are definitely involved, although most researchers believe that genetic inheritance is not the primary cause of cancer. It's a matter of risk, but a small enough percentage of the population carries the faulty gene code that causes the disease. It is now believed that about 5 to 10% of breast cancers are caused by inherited genetic mutations. There is definitely an increased risk for an individual whose mother or sister has gotten breast cancer, especially if this has occurred at an early age (before menopause).

Researches have identified two particular genes that are direct causes of breast cancer. Also, the presence of oncogenes (a general cancer causing mutation) can result in the development of breast cancer, as well as every other form of cancer that can afflict us.


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Total Colectomy - Facing the Possibility

Because of colon cancer or some other serious disease of the colon, some people have to have a total colectomy. A colectomy is removal of the colon, and is a drastic measure that doctors do only after careful consideration. People who have been diagnosed with colon cancer or colorectal cancer often catch it early enough to try other treatments. If the cancer does not seem to be responding to other treatments, however, than a partial or total colectomy may be used as a last resort.

With a partial colectomy, only part of the colon is removed. This often means that the surgeon can reattach the two ends or the colon from which the section was cut, eventually allowing for somewhat normal function again. A total colectomy is when the entire colon is removed, and this usually means having to create other means for the person to eliminate waste. This is done by a colostomy, where a pouch is attached to the stomach and catches waste. A total colectomy is a serious operation, after which a person has to make a lot of adjustments both physically and psychologically.

Before having a total colectomy, a patient needs to go through some medical tests to make sure they are ready. Also, they need to have the procedure explained completely, as well as what will happen afterward. The surgery itself can take up to four hours, and recovery time in the hospital is usually about five or six days. A colectomy is a very invasive surgery, and not only will there be a few days of recovery in the hospital, but also there will be a few weeks of recovery at home. As important as it is to rest after a colectomy, it is equally important to get up and move around regularly. This aids the body in healing and helps to prevent blood clots.

Anyone who is facing a total colectomy is probably understandably nervous. The good news is that this operation has been refined over the years and many times the procedure can be much less invasive. Laparoscopic surgery can often be done, which involves much smaller incisions and usually a shorter recovery time. Even the colostomy bag, usually worn outside of the stomach, can sometimes be inserted within the stomach and formed so that it replaces the rectum, allowing for almost normal waste elimination. The bottom line is that a colectomy can be a life-saving procedure, and that is what is most important.


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Fibroid cysts is not breast cancer!

Fibroids or lumps in the breasts are common due to fibrocystic changes that happen in between the ages of 30-50. They are also known as cystic disease, chronic cystic mastitis or mammary dysphasia. Although the name contains ‘disease' it is a misnomer. Fibroids are a condition and the non-cancerous one at that. It affect at least sixty percent of women before menopause.

Diagnosis:

Fibroids or fibrocystic changes are easily diagnosed by an initial breast examination by you general physician. She will ask you to undergo an x-ray examination or a get a mammogram to confirm suspicions. In some cases, it might require a biopsy.

Causes:

Fibrocystic changes have a lot to do with the way the breast tissue reacts during a woman's period. The levels of progesterone and estrogen, the female hormones are released during menstruation, change considerably affecting breast tissue. They stimulate the tissue to grow large in size, thus causing the milk ducts to become larger, the breast to retain water. The makes them tender and swollen and the often feel lumpy. The constant swelling and tightening causes small packets of fluid to form in the breasts, especially in the enlarged milk glands. These are called cysts. Due to these cysts, the breast shape begins to feel irregular or lumpy. At times, small bead like lumps seem to be present in many areas of the breast. Cysts usually form in both breasts, especially in the upper outer quadrant of the underside of the breasts. These changes often cause a dull ache, sensitivity, fullness or heaviness and a burning sensation in the breasts.

Lump v/s Fibroids

Fibrocystic changes do not happen in all women, and therefore the appearance of a lump causes much panic and confusion with those who have never suffered fibrocystic changes. TO add to this, the breast is inherently quite lumpy, due to the milk glands, ducts and a lot of fibrous tissue. As such, women who are comfortable and well-versed with the Self Breast Examination eventually learn to tell the difference between a real lump and fake one.

Prevention

The intake of caffeine and dietary fat is said to worsen the fibrocystic changes, and hence should be minimized.

Symptoms:

A doctor will be able to tell the presence of moving breast "masses" or lumps in the breasts with the help of a few tests and examinations. Fibroid cysts are well rounded, smooth and rubber-like, and at times can change shape. The following tests may be used:

1. Mammography - which is much like an e-ray, but only for the tissues. However, with dense tissues it might not yield results
2. If the mammogram is not satisfactory, a biopsy may be suggested.
3. FNAC: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology uses a very fine needle to take out parts of the ‘lump' and test it for fibroid-like properties.


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Prevent cancer for health in your life

Cancer word is taken from Latin word “carb”, which means malignancy. Cancer disease can be defined as “an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize.” Cancer is also known as malignancy, a malignant tumor, and neoplasm. There are more than hundred diseases; each types of cancer have its different name, cause and treatment options.

Cancer is a disease of the cells, which make up all the organs and tissues of the body. These cells normally repair and reproduce themselves in an orderly way. If for some reason this process gets out of control, a growth or tumor will form.

Some common types of cancer are given below:

Bladder Cancer: Bladder Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells malignant growth in the urinary bladder. Bladder, a part of urinary system is hallow, muscular or balloon-shaped organ located in the pelvic that normally holds urine until it is released. The most common symptoms of bladder cancer is blood in the urine or pain during urination. Smoking is the single risk factor that causes bladder cancer.

Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. The most common sign of breast cancer is a lump or thickening in the breast. A lump is an armpit that does not go away and hence may be a sign of cancer. Other possible symptoms are breast discharge, nipple inversion, or changes in the skin overlying the breast. The treatment options, used for treating breast cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy.

Lung Cancer: Lung Cancer is the malignant transformation and growth of lung issue. The lungs, part of the respiratory system, are a pair of sponge-like, cone-shaped organs in the human body.
There are two types of lung cancer- primary lung cancer and mesothelioma. Each type of lung cancer has different causes of occur and treated differently. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of occur lung cancer. Common treatment options, used for treat lung cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Leukemia: Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow. These deranged, immature cells build up in the blood and within organs of the body. They are not able to carry out the normal functions of blood cells. The major forms of leukemia are divided into four categories- acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Depending upon the abnormal cells the most common symptoms of leukemia are fevers, weakness, blooding gums, frequent infections, weight loss, and etc. There are two types of treatment of leukemia – induction therapy, and continuation therapy. In induction therapy, the main treatment is to reduce the number of leukemia cells and the main process is to induce a remission. Remission is a period of time when the cancer is responding to treatment or is under control. Continuation therapy occurs after a patient goes through remission process. The main purpose of this phase is to kill any left-out cancer cells.

Colon Cancer: Colon cancer, also known, as colorectal cancer or bowel cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells malignant growth in the colon or rectum and appendix. It begins in the digestive system, called as gastrointestinal system. It is the third most common form of cancer. The most common symptoms of colon cancer is diarrhea, blood in the stool, weight loss, abdominal pain and tenderness etc. The available treatment options for treat colon cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Other common types of cancer are kidney cancer, throat cancer, thyroid cancer, vaginal cancer, melanoma, skin cancer, oral cancer, anal cancer, brain cancer, penile cancer etc. prevent cancer for health in life. There are different treatment options used to treat each type cancer but most popular used for cancer treatment are- surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, gene therapy, hormone therapy and etc.

Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is a special type of therapy, which use radiation to destroy fast growing cancer cells. There are two main types of radiation therapy- external radiation therapy, and internal radiation therapy. External radiation therapy is also known as x-ray therapy, cobalt therapy and proton therapy. In this therapy a beam of radiation is directed from outside the body. Internal radiation therapy is also known as brachy therapy or implant therapy, where a source of radioactivity is surgically placed inside the body near the tumor.

Chemotherapy: This treatment is used to describe medications for kills the cancer cells. This treatment is given to those with advanced cancers that have spread others parts of body, possibly outside colon.

Surgery – Surgery is an operation that involves removal of cancerous part of the colon. It acts as a primary treatment for cancer.

From : The World Health Organisation (W.H.O.)


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